south african surname origins

[216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. [128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the South African surname lived. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. It developed into the largest kingdom in the sub-continent before it was abandoned because of climatic changes in the 14th century. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. He eventually surrendered to a combined deputation of Boer and British forces on 2 December 1879. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. 3. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. Most Common South African Surnames & Meanings Most Common Last Names In South Africa Forebears knows about 821,426 unique surnames in South Africa and there are 66 people per name. du Toit is an Afrikaans surname of French origin, originally from Franois du Toit, a Huguenot who moved to South Africa in 1686. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. [19] [203], Hundreds of students and others who fled to neighbouring countries, especially Botswana, to avoid arrest after the Soweto uprising of 16 June 1976, provided a fertile recruiting ground for the military wings of both the ANC and PAC. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. [220][221], The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s, when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. The ANC-led government, in a historic reversal of policy, adopted neoliberalism instead. Much later, in 1820 the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants (most of them "in trade") to leave Great Britain. By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. Here is a list of popular South African last names. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla The Dutch East India Company (in the Dutch of the day: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) decided to establish a permanent settlement at the Cape in 1652. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. Meaning: Spirit. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. In 2015, the discovery near Johannesburg of a previously unknown species of Homo was announced, named Homo naledi. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). It is also a given name in Kerala. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. After 1806, a number of Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups. Cattle rustling ensued and a party of Boers under the leadership of Piet Retief were killed. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. Genocide: A History. The Cape was relinquished back to the Dutch in 1803. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. One of our 3 capital cities is also . In order to prevent UNITA's collapse and cement the rule of a friendly government, South Africa intervened on 23 October, sending between 1,500 and 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola in order to fight the MPLA. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. Elphick, Richard; Giliomee, Hermann (eds. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). 1. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. Kholwa (Southern African origin), meaning "believe" and is found in both Ndebele and Zulu cultures. Abimbola: 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. 4. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. 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[157], Although many important events occurred during this period, apartheid remained the central pivot around which most of the historical issues of this period revolved, including violent conflict and the militarisation of South African society. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. They saw this as the best way to come to terms with the fact of a white Afrikaner majority, as well as to promote their larger strategic interests in the area. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. [70], In 1825, a faction of the Griqua people was induced by Dr John Philip, superintendent of the London Missionary Society in Southern Africa, to relocate to a place called Philippolis, a mission station for the San, several hundred miles southeast of Griqualand. Lerato Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. [100] Revenue accruing to the Cape Colony from the Kimberley diamond diggings enabled the Cape Colony to be granted responsible government status in 1872, since it was no longer dependent on the British Treasury and hence allowing it to be fully self-governing in similar fashion to the federation of Canada, New Zealand and some of the Australian states. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. 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