advantages and disadvantages of manila galleon trade

In terms of longevity alone, plus the trade that it engendered between Asia, Spanish America and onward to Europe and Africa, it brought in its wake events and movement of people among the various continents that are still apparent and in place today. The galleon trade had good and bad effect to the economy of our country. The galleon trade had a negative effect on economic development in the Philippines since virtually all Spanish capital was devoted to speculation in Chinese goods. For example, the Spanish changed the balangay, which was a light, slender and fast general-purpose vessel, into a larger and faster military vessel called the caracoa (Stead 2014:7-8). Though Chinese silk was by far the most important cargo, other exotic goods, such as perfumes, porcelain, cotton fabric (from India), and precious stones, were also transshipped via the galleon. The last galleon from Manila sailed to Acapulco in 1811 and returned to Manila in 1815 (Steele 1925:84; Aguilar 2012:366). On the return leg, the precious Asian wares traveled across the Pacific, via the Philippines (colonized by Spain in the late sixteenth century), to Acapulco on Mexicos west coast. Manila galleon; 5 pages. However, there was a lack of sources from the Filipino perspective. Throughout Petersons dissertation, he highlights the Philippines contribution to the Manila Galleon trade, giving them more credit for their part in the Spanish empire (Peterson 2014). Secondly, she wants to increase exports by developing more profitable and competitive industries for the global . As a Spanish historian, Girldez utilized many primary Spanish sources such as journals and letters written by Jesuits, friars, travelers, and government officials, to share a variety of first-person accounts. Other cargo included relatively small quantities of cacao, cochineal dye, wine, and olive oil. During the heyday of the galleon trade, Manila became one of the world's great ports, serving as a focus for trade between China and Europe. The galleons carried around 40 paying passengers as well as cargo, although no foreigners were permitted passage unless they acted as officers on the ship. The lack of materials and the lack of people made it a difficult and slow process to build galleons in Mexico and engage successfully in global trade (Peterson 2014:154). One of its good effects was that it developed an interest in the cultures of the two countries. A replica of a Spanish galleon . Yet, the galleons were also tools used to sustain the horrible institution of slavery during the age of colonialism. CDIZ. Almost all Spanish galleons operating in the Pacific were built in the Philippines, a requirement enforced by law from 1679, and they were funded and owned by the Spanish Crown. King Phillip II of Spain encouraged the domestication of animals for labor and the introduction of new agricultural methods, which aimed to increase productivity (Girldez 2015:78). The Manila-Acapulco Galleons : the Treasure Ships of the Pacific . In response to the unfair conditions, natives let the Spanish know that they did not approve of their colonization. Spain realized the advantages of the manpower and resources that the Philippines could contribute to support their empire. Theme presented at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage, Hong Kong. The Atlantic treasure fleets then shipped some of these goods - along with silver, gold, and other precious materials extracted from the Americas - on to . Findings There was, too, a contingent of professional soldiers led by a war captain. 2015 The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 2001. Theses three ideologies offer the best evaluation of free trade from three different perspectives. Not only did the Spanish use the manpower in the Philippines, they also took advantage of the resources in the islands. The Spanish government granted shipping subsidies. While there is an endless amount of written documents discussing the empire from the Spanish perspective, there is a lack of written records from Indio populations, which makes it difficult, but not impossible, to share their perspectives (Peterson 2014:1). Even if there was food and water, they could be spoiled or be of poor quality (Prez-Mallana 1998: 143-145). 1. The galleon trade in Manila caused Chinese merchants to migrate to the Philippines and for the Filipinos and to have huge profits. Because galleons were slow, overloaded, and cumbersome in Philippine waters, they had to be assisted by local vessels that acted as guides or as tugs (Peterson 2014:84). (Giraldez, 119), Not for nothing then did Spanish galleons have the letters AMGP painted on their sails. 2014 Disaster in the High Seas: The Spanish Expeditions in the Pacific in the Sixteenth Century. Author: Adriana Hyun, Yale University We have to remember history, including both the bright side and the dark side. When first news arrived of the approach of the galleons to Acapulcousually in January or Februaryplans were made for a festive trade fair. Spain exploited the Philippines for their advantage at the cost of the natives lives. William Lytle Schurz, The Manila Galleon (1939). Mexico and the Philippines are teaming up for the transnational nomination of the historic Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade route to the World Heritage List of the United Nations Educational, Scientif The Manila galleons were ships that had a long-standing impact on trade and cultural exchanges between Latin America and Asia during the 16th and 19th centuries. No severe exploitation of the Philippines natural resources Manila became an Entrepot . In addition, the Spanish used the local watercrafts of the Philippines. One can only speculate why. Nations are however the main element within a free trade agreement. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE GALLEON TRADE TO THE PHILIPPINES? Galleons dominated the seas in the second half of the 16th century, and with their lower superstructures, they were much more manoeuvrable and seaworthy than previous ship types like the carrack.. A particular feature of galleons was the impressive number of heavy cannons . The Galleon Trade crossed the Pacific Ocean. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Rowan & Littlefield, Lanham, MD. However, the authors were not able to attend the conference, possibly due to government or administrative restrictions (Jeffrey 2017). Higher level of competition with decreasing prices. The new location was ideal because it was near the agricultural province of Pampanga, located along the Pampanga River. The Manila galleon trade made significant contributions to colonial Spanish culture. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The paper jointly presents quantitative and qualitative data to analyze in a critical way the existing work on the Manila Galleon. The Manila Galleon Trade: Events, effects, lessons, ***Not available for delivery outside of the Philippines. The Manila galleons were couriers not only of fine silks and . Opponents argue that one of the primary disadvantages of. The Spanish empire benefitted greatly from their access to and engagement in the trans-Pacific trade network. In 1572, the conquest of Manila led to an increase in Spains foothold in the Philippines. Thus, the Manila-Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. China? The Manila Galleon Trade (15651815). In, Furnishings during the Reign of Louis XIV (16541715), The Croome Court Tapestry Room, Worcestershire, French Decorative Arts during the Reign of Louis XIV (16541715), American Furniture, 17301790: Queen Anne and Chippendale Styles, European Exploration of the Pacific, 16001800, French Porcelain in the Eighteenth Century, German and Austrian Porcelain in the Eighteenth Century. World History Encyclopedia. Updates? This prompted a reorganization of chiefdoms into political entities that could better deal with increased trade and power, which led to the creation of better defenses and organization of more raids (Girldez 2015:15-16). Despite these natural aids, it was not uncommon for a galleon to have to turn back to Manila if a series of storms was encountered or if the ship was too unwieldy because it had been overloaded with cargo. When appeasing the outsiders was not seen as advantageous, the narrative of Spanish exceptionalism ruptured and had terrible consequences. Precious cargo was stored below decks in galleons that could weigh in at up to 2,000 tons. It was also notable for the enormous size of many of the galleons (up to 2,000 tons, comparable only to the largest of the Portuguese East Indiamen) and the mystique of the Asian luxuries it made available. Centro Escolar University. Over time, there was a greater demand for spices including pepper, cloves and nutmeg coming from the Moluccas, located south of the Philippines (Orillaneda 2014:2; Girldez 2015:38). The Manila galleon trade is probably more significant in the history of the world as a whole than it is in the history of the United States, but it does have significance for both. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Galleons could present a formidable array of up to 60 cannons below and above deck, and they carried large crescent blades fixed to the yardarms which were designed to cut the sails and rigging of any ship that dared get alongside. In 1492, Spain sent explorers such as Christopher Columbus to claim the Americas (Fisher 2011:18). Ultimately, the vandala was a system that cheated the natives of the true value of their goods, but was used in order to feed the population (Peterson 2014:195). With a poor diet and disease rife, it was not uncommon for 50 to 150 souls to die at sea during the voyage. The galleons continued to regularly sail for Mexico until 1811 when Mexican rebels took control of Acapulco. Unlike Mexico, Manila was able to provide the cheap labor and the resources necessary to support the new colonial center and the shipbuilding industry of the Spanish galleons (Peterson 2014:7-8). Members of the principala class included datus, also known as the cabezas de barangay, who were the leaders of indigenous communities(Peterson 2014:25). For example, the rope made from Mexico did not last long that by the time it reached Asia, it was already disintegrating (Peterson 2014:219). He adds, Manila galleons were sustained only via the exploitation of indigenous populations in the Philippines and that the dependent, exploitative systems introduced by the Spanish were imposed largely for the maintenance and constructions of sailing vessels (Peterson 2014:44). Cite This Work In addition, Mexico had a shortage of people to build and sail the ships (Peterson 2014:148-150). The cargo was stored below decks in galleons that could weigh in at up to 2,000 tons, although most were around 1,000. In addition, the river made it easy to transport these rice shipments throughout the region (Peterson 2014:95). 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