10-panel tests can detect some weight-loss drugs, as well as prescription medications like Ativan, Rohypnol, Valium, and Xanax. In the distribution centers of WinCo, for example, there are safety-sensitive jobs that need employees who are clean and drug-free. Pre-offer testing is not recommended because it could violate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), said Russo. Limit access to test results. There are several ways healthcare employers can protect their organizations and improve compliance while managing changing drug testing laws: State laws on drug testing are constantly changing so its important to review laws regularlywith a screening provider. If youve got a union in place, you cant just start drug testing unless youve negotiated with the union, said Russo. In some states, employee drug testing is required by law. Employee drug use can affect judgment and concentration and may put employers at risk for a lawsuit. Sign in. A saliva drug test can be an effective alternative to urine testing if an employer wants to avoid issues that arise when an employee does not provide sufficient urine. Do they work? Please log in as a SHRM member. Refusal to contact and cooperate with the state's MRO. Three states (Connecticut, Minnesota and North Carolina) have written notice requirements applicable to pre-employment testing. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), substance abuse costs companies roughly $740 billion annually in lost workplace productivity, health care expenses, and crime-related expenses.2 Employees with substance abuse issues are statistically more likely to be involved in workplace accidents or worse. Drug Testing Options Summary All samples are based on actual First Advantage customers. These tests are also called oral fluid tests and saliva tests. It also protects both the company and its employees. Oklahoma law prohibits employers from discriminating against an employee or applicant solely on the basis of a persons status as a medical marijuana licensee. 5,130 questions and answers about Safeway Drug Test. }); hbspt.forms.create({ Another cost-saving, preventive measure is pre-employment drug tests. Another myth is that marijuana can stay in your body for months and years after usage, making it easily detectable on drug tests. As with other retail companies that handle food products and other consumable or perishable items, Winn-Dixie needs to ensure that its employees understand the value of upholding the company standards regarding the goods and services offered or delivered. You can opt out anytime. Will Labor Shortages and Year-end Burnout Increase Workplace Injuries this Holiday Season? Asked May 18, 2022. mouth swab. This is a great place to work for anyone who is health-conscious and has a desire to promote healthier eating choices. Contrary to what many people might believe, employers have the right to randomly drug test their employees on a regularly scheduled basis. portalId: "14489491", By signing up you agree to the CO However, the law does not apply to applicants who apply for emergency medical technician positions or employees who in the determination of the employer, could adversely affect the safety of others. Most (but not all) jobs in the medical field may apply these exceptions. However, false positives are not as widespread as many people believe, and can easily be avoided by performing a second confirmation test. The latest report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indicates that accidental overdoses from nonmedical use of drugs or alcohol while at work increased by 12 percent from 2017 to 2018, and the number of workplace fatalities has increased annually for the past six years.3. Answer See 23 answers. If you have reason to believe an employee is under the influence on the job, do not let it slide. Here are some rules and regulations on workplace drug testing. Many employers conduct drug tests for work to help maintain a safe workplace, while some companies must conduct them for federal and/or state regulatory compliance. Training should include explaining the different aspects of your drug testing program, such as: Now that you know some of the essentials to workplace drug testing, its time to establish, or re-establish, your drug testing program. Youre really trying to test people who caused an accident by mishap, and not people who have been injured by an accident, said Kaplan. This type of testing is increasing in popularity because sample collection can be easily observed, making it much harder for an employee to cheat. There are some general best practice guidelines, which include the following: Pre-employment drug testing is an occupational health service. Drug tests must be administered at a state-certified laboratory. Many employers will request a drug test within a short time period, so that the suspected employee doesn't have time to attempt to cheat the test. Furthermore, this drug testing is conducted at an accredited drug testing lab chosen by WinCo. Find salaries. Although this initial screen is fairly accurate, some employers may want a confirmation test. The steps required to establish a drug testing program often vary by the employer, as employers have different drug testing needs and requirements based on their industry and any applicable government regulations. Also troubling is the positivity rates for prescription opiates. The ACLU is working in the states to help enact legislation to protect workplace privacy rights. There are numerous reasons to screen employees for drug and alcohol abuse. Working under the influence of illicit substances can place the employee, co-workers, and even the general public at risk, and that risk can have costly consequences. Concentra can help. Sprouts is a natural and organic supermarket chain that does not drug test its employees. jM:.3|E8#9} 3bCG>t=h8TZ/ |m;8:(W-|H0u-t4C[:Q8^uzx{>H8D?$Jf@Y[o"x_V6qR+JT=. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Asked July 23, 2019 One of the most common forms of workplace drug testing is called reasonable suspicion testing, which is also referred to as for-cause or probable-cause testing. hb```f``2|@B[ N97eW$q'xAw=W6-%!:w(&00DbTje]B:$~K]QD=DR6AD1)& $" 3 If youre an employer and unsure of whether you should or even can drug test candidates and employees of your business, youll want to know your rights as an employer as well as your employees rights. The legal and guaranteed way to successfully pass a drug test in 60 minutes without going cold turkey! Kaplan and Russo recommend urine testing, which is still the most commonly used, widely accepted and approved by the federal government. Lastly, there is a belief that drug tests commonly result in false positives, making these tests inaccurate and not worth the effort. It is common for reasonable suspicion testing to be performed after a workplace injury or property damage, as drugs and alcohol can be a cause of the incidents. Some of the drugs these tests are used to screen for include alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, nicotine, and opiates. Here is our monthly regulatory update. As a department store chain, Winn-Dixie shares its workplaces with its customers. Along with expertise and experience, we offer comprehensive workplace drug testingservices for employers of all sizes and industries. The positivity rate for amphetamines, including prescription medications such as Adderall, has nearly tripled in the general U.S. workforce since 1997, from 0.3 percent to 0.9 percent in 2013. Concentra HUB provides employers, workers compensation payors, and third-party administrators (TPAs) quick access to account information and visit results through a single automated system. }); hbspt.forms.create({ They also are not the most qualified to assist an employer with developing a company drug testing policy. I think they stopped though . Employees that are federally required to take a drug test include airline pilots, bus drivers, railroad employees, taxi drivers, and truck drivers. }); hbspt.forms.create({ Companies drug test current and prospective employees because drug or alcohol usage may harm job performance and can even put the lives of others at risk. } Particularly if you have employees that perform safety-sensitive or dangerous jobs, either driving vehicles or operating machinery, you want to ensure the safety of your employees and customers. Other reasons to test include reducing injury risk, improving productivity, controlling insurance costs and reducing turnover, she added. Hair tests can screen for cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, opiates, and phencyclidine. Its no coincidence that the industries highlighted have their share of safety-sensitive jobs, which follow strict drug testing guidelines; however, drugs or alcohol can impair the performance of any employee regardless of industry or job type. Why is Credentialing Important? We have created a model statute regulating workplace drug testing. Random tests are effective because they do not allow drug users any time to prepare for the test. Doing so can not only lead to legal complications, but it can also put your business and its workers at risk. This type of test usually can detect the five commonly abused street drugs, namely, cocaine, marijuana, opiates (opium), phencyclidine (PCP), and amphetamines. %%EOF Its helpful to the employer to have a written guide and to the employees, who want to know when they are going to be tested, what you are testing for and what will happen if they test positive, she said. Safety-sensitive positions such as these usually have fewer positive test results than other employees. If workplace safety is of the utmost importance to a company, then conducting pre-employment drug tests can help mitigate risks associated with drug misuse. If youd like to drug test your current employees, youll have to be more careful. 9. This final rule amends regulations governing the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to allow state agencies the option to defer the collection of blood test data for up to 90 days after the date of certification, so long as the applicant is determined to have at least one qualifying . Even though alcohol, in its most natural state, does not surface in common drug tests, it may be included in a pre-employment test when requested by employer specifically. Winn-Dixie is a department store chain with 1,194 outlets in over 13 southwestern and southeastern states. Contact the USDA Food and Nutrition Service Public Information Staff at 703-305-2286, or by mail at 1320 Braddock Place, Suite 300, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. }); hbspt.forms.create({ Employers may use several different drugs and alcohol tests. While the financial impact of substance abuse at work can be devastating, lets not overlook the emotional and psychological ramifications. Connecticut occupational health business of PhysicianOne, Bethlehem/Allentown occupational health business of Lehigh Valley Health Network in Pennsylvania, Workforce Drug Positivity Increases in More Than One-Third of U.S. Industry Sectors Examined, According to Quest Diagnostics Multi-Year Analysis, National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2018, Concentra Acquires Lehigh Valley Health Networks Occupational Health Business in Bethlehem and Allentown, Pennsylvania, Concentra Acquires Connecticut Occupational Health Business from PhysicianOne, PhysicianOne to Continue Offering 24/7 Urgent Care in CT, NY, & MA, Supply Chain Management and Injury Prevention, Give Employees the Gift of Virtual Care for Holiday Shift Work Injuries. Do they drug test at interviews? {{year}} Concentra, Inc. All rights reserved. Whether an employee suffers from alcohol abuse or prescription opioid addiction, any consequent workplace injury or fatality can have short- and long-term effects that go far beyond a companys bottom line. 2. Drugs can remain in your system based on factors like: Some tests, such as those that use nail clippings and hair, can detect drug usage that occurred during the six-months prior to the drug test. The Contractor receives a request for an applicant drug test from a Component Drug Program Coordinator (DPC) via password-protected email. "Marijuana can remain in the system and show up in a drug test for up to 45 days following . Website Disclosure: Some workplaces may provide their employees with education about the danger of drug use. If an employee has tested positive for drugs in the past and is returning to work after completing a substance abuse program, they may be required to submit to a return-to-duty test. WinCo, as a huge company, basically conducts pre-employment drug screening, just like other supermarket chains. This is critical. In the distribution centers of WinCo, for example, there are safety-sensitive jobs that need employees who are clean and drug-free. It's common for people to wonder if it's possible to "beat" a drug test. Hair samples are the best choice for detecting long-term drug use, but they do not usually detect use within the past week making them a poor choice for post-accident or reasonable suspicion testing. Employees that are currently struggling with drug or alcohol use can use the EAP to find a qualified counselor or rehabilitation services. 6. This website contains general information about diet, health and nutrition. New Jersey medical marijuana law was amended in July of 2019 to prohibit employment discrimination against medical marijuana users. Two UDT methods are currently in use, namely, immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Company reviews. Asked October 14, 2017 Yes they do Answered October 14, 2017 Answer See 3 answers Is the pre employment drug testing still urine or switched to swab in n. Cali Asked April 24, 2017 Yes still urine Answered April 24, 2017 Answer See 3 answers Does winco foods in washington state care about marijuana use? 0J)X7,ZoV*{r?TUc;JfcptTlf>XTes+Ta1=xr!3`3U_"$OT'|*t}fK)JlT6::_Z?G eE{. Finally, a saliva test (also known as an oral fluid test) is a less-invasive test that also has a shorter detection period (7-21 hours) than urine tests. Because false positives do occur, there is a thread of truth to this myth. Many employers will use a blood drug test to screen applicants for illegal drugs. However, before making any business decision, you should consult a professional who can advise you based on your individual situation. Testing applicants for drugs and alcohol can protect businesses from the consequences of hiring a drug user or alcoholic. This type of drug test is performed when a supervisor suspects that an employee is using drugs, usually by observing a change in their actions. Concentra - Urgent Care. Pre-employment alcohol testing is not recommended because it is considered medical testing under the ADA, and so must be job-related and consistent with business necessity, she said. The statements in this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Post-accident Testing: If a workplace accident is possibly the result of drug or alcohol abuse, the employer can require a drug screen. Data shows a dramatic decline in positive drug tests among U.S. workers in recent decades, however, certain kinds of drug use has gone up in the last 10 years, and most drug users are. Talk to a Concentra workplace drug testing experttoday to learn more or watch our free, on-demand webinar on drug testing. On top of providing the clinical services required for workplace drug testing, an occupational medicine clinician can also serve in a consultative role, supporting the efforts of company risk managers or offering insight into how employers with no in-house risk-management team can maintain drug testing compliance. Some states place limits on the location and method for pre-employment drug testing. For the first time since 2003, the rate of positive drug tests among workers went up in 2013, largely due to the legalization of recreational marijuana in Colorado and Washington state in 2012, according to Quest Diagnostics. By continuing to use this site you are giving consent to cookies being used. [Read: 5 HR Compliance Trends Your Small Business Needs to Watch in 2019]. U.S. Chamber of Commerce The first test done on a urine sample is called an initial screen. The most common pre-employment screening, the 5-Panel Drug Test, identifies five substances: However, specifically for employees who have access to narcotics distribution, healthcare employers often use a more expansive 10-Panel Drug Screen. A big thanks to our compliance team, who monitors state, federal, and Why is Credentialing Important? Blood samples are more expensive and more invasive than other drug test samples. Random alcohol testing is an issue under the ADA and not recommended, he said. Answered June 2, 2018. According to the National Drug-Free Workplace Alliance, 75 percent of the 17.5 million illicit drug users 18 and over are currently employed. Quest Diagnostics 2013 Drug Testing Index indicated that the annual positivity rate for urinalysis drug tests, including both pre-employment and random testing for the combined U.S. public and private workforce, has fallen 74 percent to 3.7 percent in 2013, down from 13.6 percent in 1988. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is only employed if the urine sample becomes positive after conducting immunoassay urine testing. There are several possible uses for a drug test, the most common of which is for pre-employment screening. Hence, pragmatically, WinCo must require random drug testing of . Positive rates for marijuana increased 20 percent in Colorado and 23 percent in Washington between 2012 and 2013, compared to a 5 percent increase on average among the U.S. general workforce in all 50 states. Training your workforce on company drug testing standards is also a necessity especially for managers or supervisors. These drug tests typically screen for the use of the following illegal drugs (but can test for others if needed): The most prominent drug testing specimen types are urine, hair, blood, and saliva. But it should follow a conditional offer of employment. However, youll want to adhere to the laws in your state. If you choose among workers who gets fired and who gets referred to the [employee assistance program], you will be sure to be hit with a discrimination claim.. Any employer concerned with drug use in the workplace needs to be sure to have a comprehensive drug-free program in place. Some requirements might include: If you plan on testing your job candidates, include the information in your application by asking whether an applicant would be willing to undergo testing. However, while urine samples can detect the presence of illegal drugs, they cant determine impairment. Pre-employment testing has already been mentioned. Drug testing is a standard company policy of Winn-Dixie and is a requirement for employment and promotions. As a matter of best practices, employers should have a firm understanding of all applicable drug testing regulations; therefore, a companys drug testing policy should be vetted by the appropriate risk management and legal authorities. 8 min read 1. Workplace drug testing can be used to detect recent drug and alcohol usage, and can increase the safety of the workplace for all employees. region: "na1", Testing only employees who have already been offered the job (contingent on passing a drug test). Yes they do both drug test and background check. Hair Drug Tests 6. Screening employees for drug usage can also help employers save a great deal of money, as drug usage has been linked with increased health care costs and short-term disability claims. Alternatively, employees may be subject to periodic testing, where drug tests are administered on a set schedule. Is your workforce unionized? Jobs that require using heavy machinery, for instance, are particularly dangerous when an employee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. You should immediately test employees after an accident or incident that might have been caused by drug use. Employees in a federally regulated position, on the other hand, are mandated to take and pass a pre-employment urine test. During the pre-employment phase, applicants are subjected to a series of structured interviews and are also required to undergo drug screening after they are given conditional job offers. Some states do not allow blanket or random testing of existing workers in a private company. Twenty-three states plus Washington, D.C., allow medical marijuana, however, lawsuits brought by employees charging unfair dismissal for using medical marijuana have all been dismissed to date. Safety-sensitive job duties that might affect healthcare employees include, but are not limited to: 4 Ways Employers Can Stay Compliant with New Drug Testing Laws. By indicating on a job application that an offer of employment may be contingent on the results of a drug test, an employer can help to deter substance abusers from applying altogether. The applicant must know in advance that pre-employment drug testing is part of the new employee screening process. There is also a widespread belief that drug tests are unbeatable. $ hbspt.forms.create({ Pre-employment drug testing is often a requirement for people applying for a job. $("span.current-site").html("SHRM MENA "); Please confirm that you want to proceed with deleting bookmark. A second test can eliminate any false positives that occurred during the initial screening. {{year}} Concentra, Inc. All rights reserved. Employers must provide a safe work environment, and they want to ensure their employees are productive, but is maintaining a drug-testing program in. These employees must pass a drug test before returning to work in their assigned role. It is simply designed to deter substance abuse. Gain the intel you need now to successfully anticipate and navigate employment laws, stay compliant and mitigate legal risks. Breath alcohol testing devices, which are commonly known as breathalyzers, can be used to measure blood alcohol levels. Upload your resume. It is common for employers to require a job candidate to complete a pre-employment drug test, and a job offer may be contingent upon the applicants ability to pass. Developing a company drug testing experttoday to learn more or watch our free, webinar! '', testing only employees who are clean and drug-free to prohibit employment discrimination against medical marijuana users `` ''! Be used to measure blood alcohol levels a lawsuit eliminate any false positives that occurred the! Positives do occur, there is a requirement for employment and promotions its workplaces its. ( `` span.current-site '' ).html ( `` span.current-site '' ).html ( `` SHRM MENA ). Urine testing, where drug tests must be administered at a state-certified laboratory initial screening immunoassay gas! Department store chain with 1,194 outlets does wic drug test employees over 13 southwestern and southeastern states: HR! With developing a company drug testing is not recommended because it could violate the with! To learn more or watch our free, on-demand webinar on drug testing is! As widespread as many people might believe, employers have does wic drug test employees right to randomly drug test your current employees youll! Youll have to be more careful percent of the new employee screening process of! Urine test to what many people might believe, employers have the right to drug... A desire to promote healthier eating choices if a workplace accident is possibly the result of drug.! And guaranteed way to successfully pass a drug user or alcoholic `` ) ; hbspt.forms.create {. Position, on the other hand, are mandated to take and pass drug! Employment and promotions hb `` ` f `` 2| @ B [ N97eW q'xAw=W6-! Been offered the job ( contingent on passing a drug test its employees workplaces may provide their employees education... Hence, pragmatically, WinCo must require random drug testing is not recommended because it could violate the Americans Disabilities., federal, and phencyclidine and reducing turnover, she added because they do allow... Na1 '', testing only employees who have already been offered the job does wic drug test employees contingent on passing a test! A big thanks to our Compliance team, who monitors state, federal, and is... Workplace Injuries this Holiday Season test, the most commonly used, widely accepted and approved by the government! Credentialing Important and North Carolina ) have written notice requirements applicable to pre-employment testing position, on other. A natural and organic supermarket chain that does not drug test samples screen for,... Which is still the most common of which is still the most common of which still! General best practice guidelines, which is still the most commonly used, widely and! May be subject to periodic testing, which are commonly known as breathalyzers, can be used to blood. Job ( contingent on passing a drug test its employees start drug testing is an occupational service! Location and method for pre-employment screening to prepare for the test that occurred during the initial.! Example, there is a great place to work for anyone who is health-conscious and has a desire to healthier., employers have the right to randomly drug test for up to 45 days.. Your individual situation must know in advance that pre-employment drug testing unless youve negotiated with the &! To find a qualified counselor or rehabilitation services for employment and promotions as widespread as many people might,... Pragmatically, WinCo must require random drug testing experttoday to learn more or watch our free, on-demand webinar drug! Regulating workplace drug testing of WinCo, as well as prescription medications like Ativan Rohypnol! For cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, opiates, and Xanax drug use any decision., employees may be subject to periodic testing, where drug tests Commerce the test. You want to proceed with deleting bookmark education about the danger of or! 10-Panel tests can detect some weight-loss drugs, they cant determine impairment guidelines, which include the following: drug! And not worth the effort stay in your state 17.5 million illicit drug users 18 and over currently. Statements in this website contains general information about diet, health and nutrition used to measure alcohol. Employer with developing a company drug testing standards is also a necessity especially for managers supervisors! Your business and its workers at risk it should follow a conditional of... New Jersey medical marijuana users states, employee drug testing anyone who is health-conscious and has a to! Substance abuse at work can be used to measure blood alcohol levels marijuana users `` span.current-site ). ).html ( `` SHRM MENA `` ) ; hbspt.forms.create ( { employers may want a confirmation test check. $ q'xAw=W6- % health service ( contingent on passing a drug screen an accident or that... Be devastating, lets not overlook the emotional and psychological ramifications test results other... Of 2019 to prohibit employment discrimination against medical marijuana law was amended in July of 2019 to employment! Want to adhere to the laws in your state employee screening process here are some rules and regulations on drug. Occupational health service belief that drug tests are also called oral fluid tests and saliva tests for! More or watch our free, on-demand webinar on drug tests are administered a. Already been offered the job ( contingent on passing a drug test up... Are commonly known as breathalyzers, can be used to measure blood alcohol.. That does not drug test before returning to work in their assigned role on! Recommended because it could violate the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ), said Russo test to screen for. Know in advance that pre-employment drug screening, just like other supermarket.... Marijuana can remain in the distribution centers of WinCo, for instance, are mandated to take and pass drug... And navigate employment laws, stay compliant and mitigate legal risks Another myth is that marijuana can stay your. Samples are more expensive and more invasive than other employees when an employee is under the influence of drugs alcohol. Sizes and industries Food and does wic drug test employees Administration, employees may be subject to periodic testing, include. You want to proceed with deleting bookmark than other employees the employer can require a drug from., as well as prescription medications like Ativan, Rohypnol, Valium, and Xanax screen for. 18 and over are currently in use, namely, immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is only employed if urine! Southeastern states individual situation be used to measure blood alcohol levels several different drugs alcohol... Have not been evaluated by the Food and drug Administration after conducting urine! And approved by the Food and drug Administration other hand, are particularly dangerous when an employee under! The location and method for pre-employment drug screening, just like other supermarket chains is for pre-employment screening medical! Can also put your business and its workers at risk, we offer comprehensive workplace drug testing is at... Is pre-employment drug testing the intel you need now to successfully pass a drug user or alcoholic hiring drug., some employers may use several different drugs and alcohol tests southwestern and southeastern states span.current-site... Easily detectable on drug testing and promotions, on the basis of persons. Mena `` ) ; Please confirm that you want to proceed with deleting bookmark to... These usually have fewer positive test results than other drug test from Component. Employees who have already been offered the job, do not allow drug users any time prepare... Lets not overlook the emotional and psychological ramifications a pre-employment urine test status as a store! Website have not been evaluated by the federal government employees for drug alcohol! Inaccurate and not recommended, he said immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry All rights reserved making it detectable... ; hbspt.forms.create ( { pre-employment drug testing standards is also a necessity especially for or. Example, there is a great place to work for anyone who health-conscious. Employees in a drug screen this is a thread of truth to this does wic drug test employees! Place, you should consult a professional who can advise you based your. Improving productivity, controlling insurance costs and reducing turnover, she added have fewer positive test results than other test! First test done on a set schedule test its employees user or alcoholic the consequences of a! Requirements applicable to pre-employment testing cant just start drug testing of being.. { pre-employment drug tests must be administered at a state-certified laboratory subject to periodic,... Professional who can advise you based on actual First Advantage customers there are several possible uses for drug! If youve got a union in place, you cant just start drug testing standards is also a especially... They do both drug test before returning to work in their assigned role 2| @ B [ N97eW q'xAw=W6-. Individual situation saliva tests after conducting immunoassay urine testing, where drug tests are effective they! Other reasons to test include reducing injury risk, improving productivity, controlling insurance costs reducing..., can be used to measure blood alcohol levels employers may use several drugs! Necessity especially for managers or supervisors but not All ) jobs in the medical may... Fluid tests and saliva tests sizes and industries the legal and guaranteed way to successfully pass a drug test employees! Site you are giving consent to cookies being used your business and its at... The 17.5 million illicit drug users 18 and over are currently in use, namely, immunoassay gas... Detectable on drug does wic drug test employees of DPC ) via password-protected email are unbeatable well as prescription medications Ativan. Only employed if the urine sample becomes positive after conducting immunoassay urine testing, which is for pre-employment.! Use, namely, immunoassay does wic drug test employees gas chromatography/mass spectrometry team, who monitors state, federal, Xanax! Myth is that marijuana can stay in your body for months and after...
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does wic drug test employees